Nevşehir is a province located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. While Nevşehir was a village called Muşkara, after it become a city, it took its current name in the 18th century, meaning "new city" in Ottoman Turkish. Nevşehir became a province on 20 July 1954 with the law numbered 6429.

Nevşehir is located between 38º12' and 39º20' north latitudes and 34º11' and 35º06' east longitudes in Central Anatolia Region. Apart from the Derinkuyu district being in the Konya Closed Basin, Nevşehir is located in the Middle Kızılırmak Basin and takes place in the middle of Turkey in terms of location and its surface area is 5,467 km². It takes space  7-thousandth of the country's territory. Its elevation from the sea level is 1,259 m.

Provincial area, geographically, is surrounded by Yeşilhisar, İncesu and Merkez districts of Kayseri from the east; Boğazlıyan and Şefaatli districts of Yozgat from the northeast; Niğde, Aksaray Center and Ortaköy districts from the south, southwest and west. In terms of surface features, there are Hodul Mountain and its extensions on the east, Delice River Valley on the north, and Erdaş Mountain and its extensions on the south and southwest.